Penulis : Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Sambas (1803-1875), Master of the Ulama Nusantara
judul artikel : Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Sambas (1803-1875), Master of the Ulama Nusantara
Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Sambas (1803-1875), Master of the Ulama Nusantara
Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Sambas (1803-1875), Master of the Ulama NusantaraAhmad Khatib Sambas was born in Kampung Dagang, Sambas, West Kalimantan, in 1217 Shafar H. coincided with 1803 AD from a father named Abdul Ghaffar bin Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Jalaluddin. Ahmad Khatib was born from a family of immigrants from the village of Sange '. In these periods, the tradition of wandering (nomadic) is still a part of the way people live in West Kalimantan.
Ahmad Khatib Sambas undergo time-childhood and adolescence. Where since childhood, Ahmad Khatib Sambas was raised by his uncle notoriously pious and wara 'in the region. Ahmad Khatib Sambas spent his teenage years to study the religious sciences, he studied from one teacher to the other teachers in the Sultanate of Sambas. One teacher who is famous in the region, H. Nuruddin Mustafa, Imam Masjid Jami 'Sambas Sultanate.
Because it looks merits against the mastery of religious sciences, Ahmad Khatib Sambas then sent by his parents to continue their education to the Middle East, particularly Mecca. Then in 1820 M. Ahmad Khatib Sambas were off to the holy land to complete the scientific thirst. From then he was married to an Arab woman Malay descent and settled in Makkah. Since then, Ahmad Khatib Sambas decided to stay in Makkah until his death in 1875 AD
Teachers:
1. H. Nuruddin Mustafa, Imam Masjid Jami 'Sambas Sultanate.
2. Sheikh Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari
3. Sheikh Daud Bin Abdullah Al Fatani (scholar from South Thailand Patani who lived in Mecca)
4. Abdusshomad Sheikh Al Palimbani (Palembang based cleric who lived in Mecca)
5. Sheikh Abdul al-Ajami hafidzz
6. Sheikh Ahmad al-Marzuqi
7. Sheikh Syamsudin, mursyid Qadiriyah who lived and taught in Jabal Qubays Mecca.
When then Ahmad Khatib has become a scholar, he also has a large stake in the development of religious life in the archipelago, although since his departure to the holy land, it does not ever come back to their homeland.
Java and Madura, knowing disciplines Shaykh Sambas, as the scholars called it then, through his teachings after their return from Mecca. Shaykh Sambas is a very influential cleric, and also gave birth to many prominent scholars in the field of fiqh and tafsir, including al-Nawawi Sheikh Bantani is one among the disciples he had successfully become famous scholars.
One of them is Sheikh Abdul Karim Banten known as Sulthanus Sheikh. The cleric known hard in Dutch imperialism in 1888 and fomenting rebellion known as Farmers Banten rebellion. But unfortunately, this physical struggle fails, then left Banten to Mecca to replace Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Sambas.
Sheikh Ahmad Khatob Sambas in teaching the disciplines of Islam in cooperation with the other great sheikhs who is not a follower tariqat like Shaykh Tolhah of Cirebon, and Sheikh Ahmad Hasbullah bin Muhammad of Madura, both of whom had settled in Makkah.
Most European writers are wrong when they claim that the majority of Ulama Indonesia hostile to Sufi orders. The most important thing that needs to be emphasized is that the Shaykh Sambas is as a scholar (in intellectual asti), yan g as well as a mystic (in the sense of tariqat leaders) as well as a leader of the people who have a lot of students in the archipelago.
This is because the association Tariqat Qadiriyyah wa Naqshbandiyya which he founded, has attracted the attention of the majority Muslim community in Indonesia, especially in Madura, Banten and Cirebon, and to spread to Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Brunei Darussalam.
Role and His work
Resistance conducted by Sasak, Qadiri wa Naqshbandiyya led by Sheikh Guru Bangkol is also evidence that complement Banten peasant uprising, that the resistance against the Dutch government was also fueled by their participation in Thariqoh association founded by Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Sambas.
Tariqat Qadiriyyah wan Naqshbandiyya have an important role in the life of Indonesian Muslims, especially in helping shape the character of Indonesian society. Not merely because Shaykh Ahmad Khatib Sambas as the founder is a man of the archipelago, but that the two followers This Order is the fighters who steadfastly continue waging resistance against Dutch imperialism and continue to struggle through a socio-religious movements and institutions of education after independence.
Ajarah Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Sambas up to now can be recognized from his work in the form of the book Fath ARIFIN nang merupakah the minutes of the talks have been written by one of his pupils, Muhammad Ismail bin Abdurrahim. Minutes are recorded in Makkah on the year 1295 H. This book contains about ordinances, allegiance, talqin, dhikr, and genealogy Thariqah muqarobah Qadiriyyah Naqsyabandiyah wan.
This book is still used as a handle by mursyid and followers Thariqah Qadiriyyah Naqsyabandiyah wan to carry out processions, special worship them. Thus it is of course the name of Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Sambas always be remembered and prayed in every prayer and Munajah followers this Thariqah.
Although Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Sambas famed as a Sufi figure, but he also produced works in the field of jurisprudence in the form manusrkip treatise on Friday. This manuscript was found in 1986, the former collection of Haji Mansur derived from Subi Island, Riau Islands. According to Wan Mohd. Saghir Abdullah, a cleric writer Malay ground. The content of this manuscript, to discuss issues related to Friday, also discussed the slaughter of Islamic law.
At the end of the manuscript, there is also a long counsel, this manuscript was closed with some practice wird He besides practice Tariqat Qadiriyah-Naqsyabandiyah.
Other works (also in the form of manuscripts) talked about jurisprudence, began thaharah, prayers and organizing bodies found in the village Mendalok, Turmeric River District, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, on the 6th of Shawwal 1422 H / 20 Disember 2001 AD this work in the form of a manuscript without the year, there are only copying year declared that states copied on Thursday, 11 Muharram 1281 H. Haji Nasir Ahmad bin penggawa.
As for his future, at least there are two books written in Arabic by the Arabs, telling the story of scholars of Mecca, including the name of Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Sambas. The first book, Siyar wa Tarajim, by Umar Abdul Jabbar. The second book, Al-Kitab Mukhtasar min Nasyrin Naur waz Zahar, works Mirdad Abdullah Abul Khair summarized by Muhammad Sa'id al-'Amudi and Ahmad Ali.
His Disciples, among others:
1. Sheikh Nawawi Al Bantani
2. Sheikh Muhammad Kholil Bangkalan Madura
3. Sheikh Abdul Karim Banten
4. Syeh Tolhah Cirebon
Nawawi Sheikh and Sheikh Muhammad Al Bantani Kholil besides learning from Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Sambas also studied to Sheikh Ahmad Zaini Dahlan, mufti Haram sect Shafi'i in Mecca.
After the death of Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Sambas, Imam Nawawi Al Bantani appointed him to continue teaching at Madrasah in Makkah but was not given the right to pledge allegiance to pupils in Qadiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah. Meanwhile, Sheikh Muhammad Kholil, Sheikh Abdul Karim and Sheikh Tolhah ordered to return to the land of Java and was appointed as the Caliph entitled deploy and allegiance to pupils in Qadiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah.
Sheikh Ahmad Khatib's student Sambas above are teacher-scholars Ulama Nusantara next generation that would later become a cleric who founded the boarding school and was called and dubbed as KYAI, Tuan Guru, Ajengan, etc.
For example, Sheikh Muhammad Kholil Bangkalan Madura has disciples among others:
1. KH. Hasyim Ashari: Founder, caretaker of Pondok Pesantren Tebu Ireng Jombang. He is also known as the founder of Islamic organization Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) He even listed as a National Hero.
2. KHR. As'ad Syamsul Arifin: Caregiver Pesantren Salafiyah Shafi'ites, Sukorejo Asembagus, Situbondo. This pesantren now has tens of thousands of students.
3. KH. Wahab Hasbullah: Founder, Caregiver Pesantren Tambak Beras Jombang. He served as Rais Aam NU (1947-1971).
4. KH. Bisri Syamsuri: Founder, Caregiver Pesantren Denanyar, Jombang.
5. KH. Infallible: Founder, Caregiver boarding school in Rembang, Central Java
6. KH. Mustafa Bisri: Founder, Caregiver Pesantren Rembang, He is also known as the commentators of the Quran. The book of his commentary can be read until now, titled "Al-Ibriz" as many as three fat volumes lettered pegon Java.
7. KH. Muhammad Siddiq: Founder, Pesantren Siddiqiyah, Jember.
8. KH. Muhammad Hasan Genggong: Founder, Caregiver Pesantren Zainul Hasan, Genggong. The pesantren has thousands of students from all over Indonesia.
9. KH. Zaini Mun'im: Founder, Pesantren Nurul Jadid, Paiton, Probolinggo. Pesantren is also quite large, have thousands of students and a university is quite magnificent.
10. KH. Abdullah Mubarok: Founder, caretakers cottage, now known to also accommodate the morphinis treatment.
11. KH. Ash'ari: Founder, pesantren Pesantren Darut Tholabah, Wonosari Bondowoso.
12. KH. Abi Sujak: Founder, caregivers Astatinggi Islamic Schools, Great Gardens, Sumenep.
13. KH. Ali Wafa: Founder, caretaker of Pondok Pesantren Temporejo, Jember. This pesantren have characteristics of its own, namely its expertise on science and sharf nahwu.
14. KH. Toha: Founder, caregivers Boarding School Brick-brick, Pamekasan.
15. KH. Mustafa: Founder, caretaker of Pondok Pesantren White Tiger, Blambangan
16. KH Usmuni: Founder, caretaker of Pondok Pesantren Pandean Sumenep.
17. KH. Karimullah: Founder, caregivers Boarding School Munitions Peace, Bondowoso.
18. KH. Manaf Abdul Karim: Founder, caretaker of Pondok Pesantren Kediri Lirboyo.
19. KH. Munawwir: Founder, caretaker of Pondok Pesantren Krapyak, Yogyakarta.
20. KH. Khozin: Founder, pesantren Pesantren Buduran, Sidoarjo.
21. KH. Nawawi: Founder, pesantren Pesantren Sidogiri, Pasuruan. Pesantren is very authoritative. Apart from the Salaf principles are upheld, it is also very cautious in accepting the donation. Often refuse donations that are reasonably suspected of subhat.
22. KH. Abdul Hadi: Lamongan.
23. KH. Zainudin: Nganjuk
24. KH. Infallible: Lasem
25. KH. Abdul Fatah: Founder, caretaker of Pondok Pesantren Al Fattah, Tulungagung
26. KH. Zainul Abidin: Kraksan Probolinggo.
27. KH. Munajad: Kertosono
28. KH. Romli Tamim: Rejoso jombang
29. KH. Muhammad Anwar: Pacul Onions, Jombang
30. KH. Abdul Madjid: Brick-brick, Pamekasan, Madura
31. KH. Abdul Hamid bin Ithbat, banyuwangi
32. KH. Jamaluddin Muhammad Thohir: Source Gayam, Madura.
33. KH. Zainur Rashid: Kironggo, Bondowoso
34. KH. Hasan Mustafa: Garut, West Java
35. KH. Raden Fakih Maskumambang: Gresik
36. KH. Sayyid Ali Bafaqih: Founder, caregivers Pesantren Loloan West Country, Bali.
Shaykh Tolhah bin Tolabuddin Cirebon, Murshid TQN Suryalaya Lineage to 35, had a disciple of whom are very well-known are:
1. Sheikh Abdullah bin Nur Muhammad Mubarok (Abah Sepuh): The founder of Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya, West Java. Murshid TQN Suryalaya Lineage to 36.
2. Sheikh Ahmad Shohibulwafa 'Tajul Arifin (Abah Anom): Successor TQN Suryalaya Lineage to 37.
3. Sheikh Muhammad Abdul Gaos Saefulloh Maslul (Abah Aos): Pesantren Sirnarasa. Conservationists TQN Suryalaya Lineage to 38.
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